$singlecrystal electron diffraction pattern example$

$singlecrystal electron diffraction pattern example$ $singlecrystal electron diffraction pattern example$

#SINGLECRYSTAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERN EXAMPLE SERIAL#
#SINGLECRYSTAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERN EXAMPLE SOFTWARE#

Because the cRED method is (1) conceptually and experimentally very simple, (2) time efficient, and (3) able to provide high data quality, especially for radiation-sensitive materials by reducing beam exposure, it has become the method of choice in several laboratories for structure determination.

#SINGLECRYSTAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERN EXAMPLE SOFTWARE#

To the best of our knowledge, no dedicated software exists to assist with collection of continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data. This was demonstrated first on radiation-sensitive materials, such as protein nanocrystals (Nederlof et al., 2013 ▸ Nannenga et al., 2014 ▸ Yonekura et al., 2015 ▸ Clabbers et al., 2017 ▸ Xu et al., 2018 ▸), and more recently on organic and inorganic materials, such as metal oxides and metal–organic frameworks (Gemmi et al., 2015 ▸ van Genderen et al., 2016 ▸ Wang et al., 2017 ▸ Köppen et al., 2018 ▸). The benefit of the continuous rotation method (Arndt & Wonacott, 1977 ▸) is that data collection times are greatly reduced and that all of reciprocal space is sampled, with the exception of a small wedge that is excluded when the detector is being read out. With the recent introduction of dedicated detectors for electron diffraction with fast readout times (Nederlof et al., 2013 ▸ Hattne et al., 2015 ▸), data can now be collected while the crystal is rotating continuously in the electron beam. To achieve improved sampling of reciprocal space between the tilt steps, goniometer rotation can be combined with precession (Vincent & Midgley, 1994 ▸ Mugnaioli et al., 2009 ▸) or many small steps of the beam tilt (Zhang et al., 2010 ▸ Wan et al., 2013 ▸). Initially, data were collected with discrete steps of the goniometer (Kolb et al., 2007 ▸ Zhang et al., 2010 ▸ Wan et al., 2013 ▸ Shi et al., 2013 ▸). These have reached a stage where data can now be collected routinely to elucidate the structures of submicrometre-sized crystals of organic and inorganic materials (Mugnaioli & Kolb, 2013 ▸ Yun et al., 2015 ▸). Over the past decade, several techniques have been developed for collecting single-crystal electron diffraction data (SCED) by rotating the crystal in the electron beam. The screening routine and cRED data collection are demonstrated using a sample of the zeolite mordenite, and the quality of the cRED data is assessed on the basis of the refined crystal structure.

#SINGLECRYSTAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERN EXAMPLE SERIAL#

In addition, it is demonstrated how data from the recently developed serial electron diffraction technique can be used to supplement the cRED data collection by automatic screening for suitable crystals using a deep convolutional neural network that can identify promising crystals through the corresponding diffraction data. This reduces the risk of human error, and makes data collection more reproducible and accessible for novice and irregular users. The experimental parameters are logged, and input files for data processing software are written automatically. This has greatly increased the number of successful experiments with larger rotation ranges and turned cRED data collection into a high-throughput method. Crystal tracking can be performed by defocusing every nth diffraction pattern while the crystal rotates, which addresses the problem of the crystal moving out of view of the selected area aperture during rotation. This is achieved through dedicated software that controls the transmission electron microscope and the camera. In this work, the implementation of the continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) method for high-throughput data collection is described. Single-crystal electron diffraction (SCED) is emerging as an effective technique to determine and refine the structures of unknown nano-sized crystals.

$singlecrystal electron diffraction pattern example$

Singlecrystal electron diffraction pattern example